In this paper we introduce the optimal solution FOR a simple and yet practical inventory POLICY with the important characteristic which eliminates the uncertainty in demand FOR suppliers. In this new POLICY which is different from the classical inventory policies, the time interval between any two consecutive orders is fixed and the quantity of each order is ONE. Assuming the fixed ordering costs are negligible, lead times are constant, and demand FORms a Poisson process, we use queuing theory concepts to derive the long-run average total inventory costs, consisting of holding and shortage costs in terms of the average inventory. We show that the total cost rate has the important property of being entirely free of the lead time. We prove that the average total cost rate is a convex function and thus has a unique solution. We, then derive the relation FOR the optimal value of the time interval between any two consecutive orders. Finally we present a numerical example to compare the perFORmance of this new POLICY with the classical ONE-FOR-ONE ordering POLICY. The provided example intends to re-examine the optimality of (s, S) POLICY in continuous review inventory models as well to establish the fact that even FOR the case where demand FORms a Poisson process the optimality does not hold.

Introduction: FOR a successful root canal treatment, canal must be obturated apically, coronally and laterally to prevent microleakage and canal reinfection. Cold lateral condensation is the most popular method of canal obturation; an easy method with a controlled filling. Cold lateral technique disadvantages are presence of void, possible vertical root fracture, and absence of a homogenous and condensed filling. In some techniques like ONE-step, heat is used to soften gutta-percha FOR better adaptation to canal walls. The purpose of this study was to compare of the apical microleakage in roots obturated with ONE-step and lateral condensation techniques.Methods and materials: In this in invitro study ninety extracted human maxillary central incisors, canines, and mandibular premolar (single rooted teeth) were instrumented to a size 40 file and step back flaring was perFORmed to a size 80 file. Apical patency was ensured in all teeth. The teeth were divided into two experimental groups of 40 each and two positive and negative control groups. In the first experimental group, the roots were obturated with lateral condensation gutta-percha technique and AH26 as a sealer. In the second experimental group, the roots were obturated with ONE-step technique and AH26 according to the instruction of manufacturer. All roots were placed in humidor with 100% humidity and incubated at 37oc FOR 3 days to allow the sealer to set. After achieving coronal seal, the roots were coated with two layers of fingernail polish and ONE layer of stickywax except FOR the apical 2-3mm and then placed into India ink and incubated at 37oc FOR 72h. The roots were removed from the dye, fractured longitudinally and liner dye penetration was measured.Results: The mean apical dye penetration in laterally condensed technique and ONE –step technique were 3.60±2.03 mm and 4.00±2.23 mm respectively. Dye penetration in negative control group was zero, and in the positive control group dye pentrated through all the canal system. Statistical analysis of the results did not show significant difference between two groups.Conclusion: Although there was no statistical difference in the sealing ability of laterally condensed and ONE-step techniques, further in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to prove the clinical abilities of ONE-step technique.

Background & Aim: Extrusion of debris from apex is ONE of the main factors of flare up (inflammation, pain or combination of both). Various studies have been conducted toward the amount of debris extrusion but no ONE compared this drawback on ONE – shape and xp-shaper system in curved root canals. So, this study aimed to determine the amount of apical debris extrusion following preparation of canal by ONE-shape or xp-shaper in curved canals of mesiobuccal root in mandibular first molars.Material & Method: This experimental study was dONE on 34 mandibular first molars with 30 to 40 degree curved mesiobuccal root canal. The samples were randomly divided in two groups. First group had ONE –shape FOR root canal preparation while the other had xp-shaper. Roots of the teeth were fixed in pre weighted fluxes till cervical area so that all apical debris were collected in vials. After desiccation process, the vials were weighted again. The difference between original and secondary weight of vials containing debris is considered as weight of debris extrusion. Data were analyzed using T-test.Results: Amount of debris extrusion in ONE– shape group was 0.018±0.014 and in xp-shaper group was 0.01±0.007 and the difference was statistically significant (0.01).Conclusion: Considering the situation and limitation of this in vitro study, xp-shaper rotary system was associated with less debris extrusion compared to ONE – shape systems.

Introduction: Furcal perFORation is a common accident during endodontic treatment. Prognosis of furcal perFORation repair is determined by several factors. ONE of these factors is sealing ability and biocompatibility of materials used to repair furcal perFORation. So far, different materials have been suggested FOR repair of furcal perFORation. ONE of these materials that based on investigations has shown agreeable properties and clinical success when used as repairing material FOR furcal perFORation is MTA. Since Proroot MTA is very expensive and not easily accessible FOR all dentists, we decided to evaluate microleakage of MTA produced in Iran. In this in vitro experiment, sealing abilities of Proroot MTA, Root MTA (Iran-MTA), Amalgam and ONE coat bond in repairing furcal perFORations was compared.Methods and Materials: Furcal perFORations as 1mm diameter defects were created in 60 extracted maxillary and mandibular molars. The teeth were divided into four equal groups. Each group was sealed with ONE of the materials. The crowns of teeth were restored by amalgam. Then dye penetration test was dONE. A longitudinal sectioning was perFORmed. Samples were studied under stereomicroscope and data were analyzed by means of Duncan statistical test.Results: The results showed that no significant difference in sealing ability was found among Proroot MTA, Root MTA (Iran- MTA) and ONE coat bond (p value > 0.05). But there was a significant difference in sealing ability between Root MTA and Amalgam (p value < 0.05).Conclusion: Root MTA can be an acceptable substitute FOR Proroot MTA.

In this paper, we compare four ordering policies in a lost sales inventory model with zero ordering cost, constant lead time, and Poisson demand process. These ordering policies are 1) base stock POLICY, 2) full delay POLICY, 3) simple delay POLICY and 4) a recently developed ordering POLICY called (1; T) or ONE FOR ONE period POLICY. Our work can be considered as an expansion of a previous research which compared the first three policies. We show that, FOR any fixed value of the ratio of unit lost sales cost over unit holding cost, there is a specific value of lead time demand beyond which the cost of (1; T) POLICY is lower than the costs of the other three policies. Furthermore, the superiority of (1; T) POLICY is more significant FOR low values of the above ratio and becomes more pronounced as the lead time demand increases.

Consider a two-echelon repairable inventory system consisting of a centeral depot and Multiple stocking centers. There are two kinds of defective, type A defects must be repaired at centeral depot, and type B defects at stocking centers. The centers provide parts replacement service to customers and the depot fills center replenishment orders on a FCFS basis. Type A defects that are received at the centers are passed to the depot FOR repair and depot inventory replenishment. FOR this system, existing models (FOR exemple, METRIC model) usually assume that the depot replenishment lead times (DRLTs) (FOR type A defects) are i.i.d., which however, does not fit well into the service part logistics system, that motivated this research. Because the DRLTs consist of ti,e sum of repair times, defective return times and transportation times, they are different across stocking centers which are located globally. We study the impact of such center dependent DRLTs on system perFORmance. We show that FOR such system. using the i.i.d. DRLT assumption introduces errors in estimating system perFORmance.

Consider a two - echelon repairable inventory system consisting of a central depot and multiple stocking centers. There are two kinds of defectives, both of them must be repaired at central depot. The difference between these kinds of defectives is related to their depot replenishment lead times. The centers provide parts replacement service to customers and the depot fills each kind of center replenishment orders on a FCFS (First Come First FOR Service) basis defective parts that are received by centers are passed to the depot FOR repair and depot inventory replenishment. FOR this system, existing models (FOR example, METRIC model) usually assume that there is only ONE kind of defective, and they also assume that the depot replenishment lead times (DRLTs) are i.i.d, which however, does not fit well into the service part logistics system, that motivated this research. Because the DRLTs consist of the sum of repair times, defective return times and transportation times, they are different across stocking centers, which are located globally. We study the impact of such center - dependent DRLTs on system perFORmance. We show that FOR such systems, using the i.i.d DRLT assumption introduces errors in estimating system perFORmance.

Competition law is a newcomer to the legal system recently. A sound understanding of competition POLICY can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental and normative view of the issues of competition law. The difference in supervision and regulation determines how the market functions and in order to understand this difference ONE must understand competition POLICY. Competition POLICY may be based on governmental support FOR national production and industry or on a non-interventional and regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on the principle of non-intervention in the market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, whether as a rule or an exception, is based on the assertion that the market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. ThereFORe, the government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive POLICY by employing the description method. In this article the author tries to first delineate competition POLICY, its related requirements and imposed deviations to the market. Then, by defining the supervisory entity and clarifying its distinction from the regulatory institutions, the author considers the characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a comparative study of this issue in Iran and the U.S.A. This FORm of Competition POLICY because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable FOR the native system.

I am writing to express my strong endorsement of the “ONE Nation ONE Health System” initiative proposed by the Indian government. This innovative approach seeks to merge traditional and modern healthcare systems, creating a more inclusive and holistic model of care. By integrating the principles of ayurveda, yoga, naturopathy, unani, siddha, and homeopathy (AYUSH) with contemporary allopathic medicine, this initiative aims to provide comprehensive healthcare solutions tailored to the unique needs of each individual.[1]